Dales S, et al. Biogenesis of vaccinia: isolation of conditional lethal mutants and electron microscopic characterization of their phenotypically expressed defects. Virology 84: 403-428, 1978. PubMed: 622807

Condit RC, et al. Isolation, characterization, and physical mapping of temperature-sensitive mutants of vaccinia virus. Virology 128: 429-443, 1983. PubMed: 6577746

This mutant strain was derived by Samuel Dales from the IHD-W strain of Vaccinia (ATCC VR-1441) which in turn was derived from the IHD-J strain.

Lackner CA, et al. Complementation analysis of the Dales collection of vaccinia virus temperature-sensitive mutants. Virology 305: 240-259, 2003. PubMed: 12573570

Vaccination recommended for laboratory staff manipulating vaccinia, monkeypox, or cowpox viruses [CDC/NIH Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories, 4th ed, 1999 - stock no. 017-040-00547-4].

or colder

Non-permissive incubation temperature is 39.5C. This mutant was assigned a Dales EM category of P. It is assigned the Condit map location U12. This subtype is distinguishable from the parent IHD-J strain by its ability to elicit polykaryocytosis in all mammalian and avian cells tested and by its inability to induce an active hemagglutinin at the plasma membrane.

or colder