Dales S, et al. Biogenesis of vaccinia: isolation of conditional lethal mutants and electron microscopic characterization of their phenotypically expressed defects. Virology 84: 403-428, 1978. PubMed: 622807

Condit RC, et al. Isolation, characterization, and physical mapping of temperature-sensitive mutants of vaccinia virus. Virology 128: 429-443, 1983. PubMed: 6577746

This mutant strain was derived by Samuel Dales from the IHD-W strain of Vaccinia (ATCC VR-1441) which in turn was derived from the IHD-J strain.

cell enlargement, plaques with rounding and eventual sloughing of cells

Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories 4th ed.; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services ;1999.

Non-permissive incubation temperature is 39.5C. This mutant was not assigned a Dales EM category. It is assigned the Condit map location U6. This subtype is distinguishable from the parent IHD-J strain by its ability to elicit polykaryocytosis in all mammalian and avian cells tested and by its inability to induce an active hemagglutinin at the plasma membrane.

Lackner CA, et al. Complementation analysis of the Dales collection of vaccinia virus temperature-sensitive mutants. Virology 305: 240-259, 2003. PubMed: 12573570